Training fruit trees to grow in a specific shape or form, such as espalier or trellis, can be a rewarding and enjoyable way to create a beautiful and productive garden space. While it may seem daunting at first, with the right knowledge and techniques, training fruit trees to grow in a certain shape or form is a relatively straightforward process. In this guide, we will provide you with detailed instructions on how to train fruit trees to grow in a variety of shapes and forms, including espalier and trellis.
Espalier Training
Espalier is a method of training fruit trees to grow in a flat, two-dimensional form against a wall or a fence. This ancient technique allows for maximum sunlight exposure and can help increase the overall productivity of the tree. To train a fruit tree in the espalier form, follow these steps:
Choose the Right
Tree: When selecting a fruit tree for espalier training, choose a variety that is well-suited to your climate and soil conditions. Apples, pears, and peaches are popular choices for espalier training.
Select a Location:
Choose a sunny location with a sturdy support structure, such as a wall or fence, to train your fruit tree. Make sure the support structure is strong enough to support the weight of the tree as it grows.
Prune the Tree:
Start by pruning the tree to remove any damaged or diseased branches. Then, select the main branches that you want to train horizontally along the support structure. These branches should be strong and flexible, as they will form the basic framework of the espalier.
Tie the Branches:
Gently bend the selected branches into the desired shapes, such as horizontal tiers or fan shapes, and secure them to the support structure with soft ties. Make sure to leave enough space between the branches to allow for future growth.
Prune Regularly:
Throughout the growing season, prune the tree to maintain the desired shape and encourage the growth of new fruiting spurs. Remove any suckers or water sprouts that may detract from the overall form of the espalier.
Train New Growth:
As the tree grows, continue to train new branches to follow the established framework of the espalier. Use soft ties to secure the branches to the support structure and adjust their growth as needed to maintain the desired shape.
Fertilize and Water:
Provide the fruit tree with regular fertilization and watering to promote healthy growth and fruit production. Mulch around the base of the tree to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Monitor for Pests and Diseases:
Keep an eye out for common fruit tree pests and diseases, such as aphids, scale insects, and fungal infections. Treat any issues promptly to prevent them from spreading to other parts of the tree.
Harvest Fruit:
Once the fruit tree begins to bear fruit, be sure to harvest it promptly to prevent it from becoming overripe or attracting pests. Enjoy the fruits of your labor and share them with family and friends.
Trellis Training
Trellis training is another popular method of training fruit trees to grow in a specific shape or form. Trellises provide vertical support for the tree and can help maximize space in the garden. To train a fruit tree on a trellis, follow these steps:
Choose the Right Tree:
Select a fruit tree that is well-suited to trellis training, such as grapes, kiwi, or berries. Consider the mature size of the tree and choose a variety that will not outgrow the trellis.
Build a Trellis:
Construct a sturdy trellis with strong supports and horizontal wires for the fruit tree to grow on. The trellis should be tall enough to accommodate the full height of the tree and wide enough to allow for ample fruit production.
Plant the Tree:
Plant the fruit tree at the base of the trellis, making sure to leave enough space between the tree and the trellis for air circulation and future growth. Secure the tree to the trellis with soft ties to provide support as it grows.
Prune the Tree:
Prune the fruit tree to remove any damaged or diseased branches and shape it to fit the trellis. Remove any branches that grow away from the trellis and train the remaining branches to follow the horizontal wires.
Train New Growth:
As the tree grows, continue to train new branches to follow the horizontal wires of the trellis. Use soft ties to secure the branches in place and adjust their growth as needed to maintain the desired shape.
Fertilize and Water:
Provide the fruit tree with regular fertilization and watering to promote healthy growth and fruit production. Mulch around the base of the tree to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Monitor for Pests and Diseases:
Keep an eye out for common fruit tree pests and diseases, such as aphids, spider mites, and powdery mildew. Treat any issues promptly to prevent them from spreading to other parts of the tree.
Harvest Fruit:
Once the fruit tree begins to bear fruit, be sure to harvest it promptly to prevent it from becoming overripe or attracting pests. Enjoy the fruits of your labor and share them with family and friends.
In conclusion, training fruit trees to grow in a specific shape or form, such as espalier or trellis, is a rewarding and enjoyable process that can enhance the beauty and productivity of your garden. By following the steps outlined in this guide and practicing patience and diligence, you can successfully train fruit trees to grow in a variety of shapes and forms. With proper care and maintenance, your trained fruit trees will provide you with bountiful harvests for years to come.